My MRI states: There is a single region of three foci of T2 prolongation within the white matter. "Nonspecific" usually means cause unclear/many possible causes and often implies "low concern". T2 refers to the time it takes to spin the hydrogen atoms. ? Long T2 fluids with few macromolecules such as water, urine, and CSF will appear bright on T2-weighted images. What is increased T2 signal on MRI report? By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. A mri was taken and the impression says abnormal t2 prolongation identified in the periventricular white matter region, what does this mean? This slower motion is closer to the Larmor frequency. A T2WI relies upon the transverse relaxation (also known as "spin-spin" relaxation) of the net magnetization vector (NMV). Carroll T, Smith CD, Liu X, Bonaventura B, Mann N, Liu J, Ebraheim NA. I recently had an ultrasound and they found "spots" on both kidneys, Rhabdomyolysis Hospitalization with torturous muscle pain and bedridden, The Best IOL for 2022 RXSight Light Adjusted Lens, Will refractive surgery such as LASIK keep me out of glasses all my life. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following. [citation needed], Hyperintensities are often seen in auto immune diseases that have effects on the brain. With body tumors the contrast may be spectacular when the tumor T2 is increased and its D* is also decreased so that the contrast produced by both of these tissue properties is positive and synergistic. but no futher study has taken place. 3 How long does supraspinatus tendinopathy take to heal? This is seen in particular on gradient echo images. i'm 43 and started having migraine with aura at 41. Supraspinatus Muscle and Rotator Cuff Tendonitis Treatment. Accessibility Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. What is the grading scale for supraspinatus tendinopathy? Another possible cause of these white matter lesions could be Lyme disease. 2020 Jul;16(3):369-375. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.369. An abnormal prolongation can be associated with metabolic problem 3.8k views Reviewed >2 years ago Thank Dr. Melissa Gowans and another doctor agree 2 thanks Last updated Jul 13, 2018 Found in: Almost immediately, they lose coherence as some spin slightly faster than the others. - Apr 12, 2014. It can cause issues with memory, balance and mobility. protracted litigation. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Simple kidney cysts are more common as people age. The rapid motion results in the T1 and T2 being about the same in pure water. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). These foci were not related to cognitive function or cerebrovascular risk factors; instead, they were highly correlated to age, being present in 11 of 11 subjects aged 75 years and over. 11, 23 It is still unclear the number of cases in which these causes of T2-signal increase may . The .gov means its official. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. The topics discussed in Part B of this two part series include multiple sclerosis, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, cord infarction, arteriovenous shunts, transverse myelitis, neurosarcoidosis, AIDS-associated vacuolar myelopathy, and syringohydromyelia. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. government site. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. My 12yr old has a growing brain tumor - Neurology Community. T2 relaxation, also known as spin-spin relaxation or transverse relaxation, refers to the progressive dephasing of spinning dipoles resulting in decay in the magnetization in the transverse plane (M xy).Following a radiofrequency pulse, this form of relaxation occurs with the time constant T2, where T2 is the time it takes for the transverse magnetization vector to decay to 1/e or 37% of its . How do you treat inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon? 1987;149 (4): 831-7. Synonym Discussion of Prolong. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. a focus of T2 hyperINTENSITY means that the signal from that area has different tissue characteristics compared to normal brian tissue. Following a radiofrequency pulse, this form of relaxation occurs with the time constant T2, where T2 is the time it takes for the transverse magnetization vector to decay to 1/e or 37% of its initial magnitude. Hope this helped and do keep us posted. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. [10][11] Pathological signs of oligodendritic apoptosis and damage to axonal projections have been evident. MeSH 1 doctor answer 1 doctor weighed in Share Dr. John cuong Doananswered Family Medicine 18 years experience You may have: rotator cufftendinitis, whether acute or chronic it will be hard for MRIto detect. Also how common are such findings that are "nonspecific"? You have 4 two lateral venticles, and two midline. PMC I would want to know if you had an elevated CRP, sed rate or a positive ANA test. Cervical (neck) spinal cord T2/FLAIR lesions could cause tingling and numbness in the hands and legs. 4 How to detect T2 prolongation in skeletal muscle? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Would you like email updates of new search results? Young IR, Szeverenyi NM, Du J, Bydder GM. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. How to use prolong in a sentence. 8600 Rockville Pike Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. In pure water T2 is long, about 3-4 seconds because water molecules move considerably faster than the Larmor frequency. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Top answers from doctors based on your search: Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. [6], Postmortem studies combined with MRI suggest that hyperintensities are dilated perivascular spaces, or demyelination caused by reduced local blood flow. Radiologists play a valuable role in helping narrow the differential diagnosis by integrating patient history and laboratory test results with key imaging characteristics. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. An official website of the United States government. Neurol Sci. Diagnosis is based on the appearance of the rotator cuff tendons (grading system) and the presence or absence of signs denoting involvement of the subacromial bursa and subacromialsubdeltoid plane. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. Objective: Increased signal intensity within the distal portion of the supraspinatus tendon during MR imaging is a frequent observation even in healthy subjects. what does it mean? RE: differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesions. One that immediately comes to mind (suggested by my colleague Graeme Bydder) is the Pulsed 2015 Dec;53(12):842-8. doi: 10.1038/sc.2015.110. They are all conncected. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are lesions in the brain that show up as areas of increased brightness when visualised by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? [3][4] WMH volume, calculated as a potential diagnostic measure, has been shown to correlate to certain cognitive factors. These small regions of high intensity are observed on T2 weighted MRI images (typically created using 3D FLAIR) within cerebral white matter (white matter lesions, white matter hyperintensities or WMH)[1][2] or subcortical gray matter (gray matter hyperintensities or GMH). 1.6 x 0.7 cm and a dominant right-sided lesion in the parietal white matter approx. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. T2 relaxation occurs due to tissue-particular characteristics, primarily those that affect the rate of movement of protons, most of which are found in water molecules. Advanced Discussion (show/hide) References Elster AD. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. The meaning of PROLONG is to lengthen in time : continue. The MS Lesion Checklist provides brief definitions for 10 types of lesions that are best appreciated on axial or sagittal T2-weighted (T2W) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. T2 relaxation, also known as spin-spin relaxation or transverse relaxation, refers to the progressive dephasing of spinning dipoles resulting in decay in the magnetization in the transverse plane (Mxy). Stark DD, Bradley WG, Bradley WG. FOIA Alteration in muscle T2, notably T2 prolongation due to increased intracellular or extracellular free water (muscle edema), is best detected with inversion-recovery and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (, 1,, 2 ). How to use prolonged in a sentence. That is the case with my hubby. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCD). i noticed on my mri results that it said there is a single punctate focus of t2 prolongation in the left corona radiata, nonspecific. I have a had a kidney cyst since 2009. Except for some minimal right periventricular white matter T2 brightness which is overall nonspecific and minimal is otherwise . {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Bashir U, Rock P, Murphy A, et al. Whether these radiological lesions correspond to irreversible histological changes is still a matter of debate. Deep white matter hyperintensites occur deep within white matter, periventricular white matter hyperintensities occur adjacent to the lateral ventricles and subcortical hyperintensities occur in the basal ganglia. Usually this is due to an increased water content of the tissue. 2018 Sep;59(9):460-464. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2018109. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other commonly abused medications. Posts on t2 prolongation (3146) mri results - Multiple Sclerosis Community. Dr. Stuart Hickerson answered Family Medicine 33 years experience MRI: Your brain has ventricles which are fluid filled cavities on the inside of you brain. Mri brain was done it showed scattered white matter foci of increased t2 prolongation. Farr's physics for medical imaging. CCF-Neuro-M.D.-PW. I noticed on my MRI results that it said There is a single punctate focus of T2 prolongation in the left corona radiata, nonspecific. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Usually this is due to an increased water content of the tissue. A: When making the diagnosis of MS, brain and cervical spinal cord MRIs should be obtained in all cases unless specific contraindications. This rate of flipping or transfer of energy between spins or dipoles increases as the frequency of the variation of the local magnetic field approaches the Larmor frequency. Background White matter hyperintensities (WMH) lesions on T2/FLAIR brain MRI are frequently seen in healthy elderly people. So substances with short T2's have smaller signals and appear darker than substances with longer T2 values. People who have risk factors for cardiovascular disease also have a greater risk of developing white matter disease. Sufficient damage to the axons that course through WMH can cause adequate interference with normal neuronal functions. T2 relaxation. As motion, and therefore the local field fluctuations, decreases below the Larmor frequency in tissues and tendons,dipoles that are aligned with the main magnetic field start contributing to T2 relaxation by causing local variations in precession rate. [2] They are also seen in a number of neurological disorders and psychiatric illnesses. It goes on to say otherwise unremarkable. In people with Alzheimer's, higher WMH are associated with higher amyloid beta deposits, possibly associated with small vessel disease and reduced amyloid beta clearance.[11]. The hyperintense lesion could be due to a cyst or tumor. Mri report.multiple nonspecific small subcortical foci of t2 prolongation in the left cerebrum. The result is that the Mxy component of the magnetic vector decreases exponentially as a function of the T2 time constant (Figure 1). The site is secure. Loss of signal and darkness on T2-weighted images in cortical bone, teeth, calculi is primarily a result of little water (low proton density) unlike tendons and ligaments 3. Alteration in muscle T2, notably T2 prolongation due to increased intracellular or extracellular free water (muscle edema), is best detected with inversion-recovery and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (, 1,, 2 ). Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. Synergistic Contrast MRI (scMRI), a general analysis to explain the T1/T2 "paradox" above where two tissue properties may augment or oppose one another depending on the pulse sequence used.). Supraspinatus tendinopathy can be graded using a modified 4-point scale from 0 to 3 based on previous studies. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Would have to know the patients entire history and have all data that is availabl What does it mean if a t2 prolongation on brain mri is getting larger? A hyperintensity or T2 hyperintensity is an area of high intensity on types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain of a human or of another mammal that reflect lesions produced largely by demyelination and axonal loss. MRI found mild scattered foci of abnormal T2 signal are demonstrated in peri ventricular white matter, particularly along frontal convexities. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. 2021 May 27;7(1):46. doi: 10.1038/s41394-021-00411-8. T2 refers to the time it takes to spin the hydrogen atoms. [7], White matter hyperintensities can be caused by a variety of factors including ischemia, micro-hemorrhages, gliosis, damage to small blood vessel walls, breaches of the barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain, or loss and deformation of the myelin sheath. We report the radiologic-histopathologic concordance between T2/FLAIR WMHs and neuropathologically confirmed demyelination in the periventricular, perivascular . Spinal cord injuries without radiologic abnormality in children: a systematic review. I had a lumbar mri due to increased pain and found a lot of degenerative changes. T2/FLAIR lesions can directly account for some symptoms. 1. These small regions of high intensity are observed on T2 weighted MRI images (typically created using 3D FLAIR) within cerebral white matter (white matter . 5 What is the grading scale for supraspinatus tendinopathy? Do you have any symptoms now? Many of the lesions may not be causing obvious symptoms. ? Ma YJ, Shao H, Fan S, Lu X, Du J, Young IR, Bydder GM. C.V. Mosby. Does a "focus of T2 hypersensitivity" on an MRI always mean a lesion, or can it mean something else? I recently had an MRI to rule out a pseudotumor cerebri. Does contrast MRI show nerve damage? It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. In such cases the attending physician who ordered the study asks the radiologist who interpreted the study to elucidate further and determine whether Understanding radiology reports can be challenging. The pictures show both old and new inflammation. Before This is likely your case by use of the word "minimal." Certain features of gait pattern associated with WMH are: slight widening of the base, slowing and shortening of stride length and turning en bloc. Pathological tissue usually has more water than normal brain so this is a good type to scan to pick this up. to serve as a baseline evaluation and staging the disease process. Appointments 866.588.2264 Appointments & Locations Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1080-1120. Causes including simple MR artefacts, trauma, primary and secondary tumours, radiation myelitis and diastematomyelia were discussed in Part A. The spots (called lesions) on the scan are areas of active inflammation. what does this mean? This is often due to a combination of atherosclerosis, demyelination (loss of the "white matter" covering the nerves ), and scarring. "Nonspecific white matter changes". Speed of cognitive processes and frontal skills may also be impaired in people with WMH. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? While the overall length of stay in the hospital was similar between patients with and without an increase in the T2 signal intensity (12.5 vs 10.3 days, respectively, p = 0.22), patients with an increased T2 signal intensity spent significantly more time in the ICU, and there was a strong trend toward an increased length of dependence on . I have been hospitalized 3 times with rhabdo with a CPK of 7715. Mitchell DG, Burk DL, Vinitski S et-al. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. Generally, the lesions remain bright for only 1-2 months. MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. A 79-year-old male asked about a 79-year-old male: Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. To learn more, please visit our. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. Whether these radiological lesions correspond to irreversible histological changes is still a matter of debate. Learn more. This dephasing effect has been likened to the opening of a Chinese fan. Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. it also found the following: there is a focus of uniform t2 prolongation in the medial lower pole of the right kidney measuring 20 mm in diameter. . Particular features of the focal lesions on MR images (number, size, location, presence or lack of edema, reaction to contrast medium, evolution in time), as well as accompanyi At the time the article was last revised Patrick J Rock had no recorded disclosures. [5] Hyperintensities appear as "bright signals" (bright areas) on an MRI image and the term "bright signal" is occasionally used as a synonym for a hyperintensity. The meaning of PROLONGED is continuing for a notably long time : extended in duration. My mri states: there is a single region of three foci of t2 prolongation within the white matter. For example, a brainstem lesion can cause room spinning sensations and balance problems. I received my MRI result today. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. 2009 Dec;53(6):558. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2009.02123.x. It is difficult to answer your question with this isolated finding. V1/T1 = V2/T2 Where temperature must be in Kelvins 67C + 273 = 340 K So 140/340 = 50/T2 Find T2 340/140 (50) = T2 T2 = 121 K or -152C. We report the radiologic-histopathologic concordance between T2/FLAIR WMHs and neuropathologically confirmed demyelination in the periventricular, perivascular . It also found the following: There is a focus of uniform T2 prolongation in the medial lower pole of the right kidney measuring 20 mm in diameter. T2/FLAIR images show the total amount of scar from MS from its onset. I am a having a few issues but my main concern is: i recently had a MRI of my lumbar spine to diagnose the severity of my spinal stenosis. Is there mild heterogeneous T2 signal change within the supraspinatus? It is very common and usually clinically insignificant. The authors present an algorithmic approach to evaluating intrinsic abnormality of . T2 images are a map of proton energy within fatty AND water-based tissues of the body Fatty tissue is distinguished from water-based tissue by comparing with the T1 images - anything that is bright on the T2 images but dark on the T1 images is fluid-based tissue Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. T2 weighting tends to require long TE and TR times. Causes including simple MR artefacts, trauma, primary and secondary tumours, radiation myelitis and diastematomyelia were discussed in Part A. Hello and hope you are doing well. Tuberculous Myelopathy Associated with Longitudinally Extensive Lesion: A Clinicoradiological Review of Reported Cases. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. (An excellent review article, significantly expanding the work of Elster and Yokoo et al., formulating imaging contrast in terms of tissue-property filters and clarifying many paradoxes and misunderstandings concerning the concept of "weighting". 2016 Sep;37(9):1577-8. doi: 10.1007/s10072-016-2566-1. Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. The same conclusions and observations would not necessarily apply in other situations, such as if the sequence were a phase-sensitive inversion recovery one, for example. Each magnetic dipole exists in a microenvironment unique to the tissue where it belongs. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. What does Mild periventricular and subcortical abnormal T2 andsparing posterior fossa and brainstem mean on mri? 2008 Dec;52(6):535-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2008.02017.x. What does it mean? An increase in T2 signal intensity is often associated with chronic compression of the spinal cord, and it is well established that chronic compression results in structural changes to the spinal cord. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Spinal Cord. ), An index system for comparative parameter weighting in MR imaging, New options for increasing the sensitivity, specificity and scope of synergistic contrast magnetic resonance imaging (scMRI) using Multiplied, Added, Subtracted and/or FiTted (MASTIR) pulse sequences, Pulse sequences as tissue property filters (TP-filters): a way of understanding the signal, contrast and weighting of magnetic resonance images. The resulting short T2 time causes tendons and other semi-solid tissues to appear dark on T2-weighted images. There is also mild susceptibility differences between bone and soft tissue that could contribute to a dark appearance at interfaces, as between marrow and bone trabecula. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Epub 2015 Jul 14. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). I was advised a T2 hyperintense structure on my left kidney was found on an MRI I had for back problems. In all tissues, there exist tiny magnetic fields (~1mT) generated by the spinning hydrogen nuclei (protons). Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in a minute. What causes increased signal in the normal supraspinatus tendon? The water that is in bone, teeth, and calculi would mostly be bound as to collagen and would have a very short T2 time constant and appear dark. One of the major challenges associated with the T2 assessment according to the RANO criteria is the differentiation between T2-progress and other causes of T2 signal increase, such as edema, radiation effects, decreased corticosteroid dosing, seizures, postoperative changes, or even ischemic injury. neurologist isn't worried. Check for errors and try again. It really concerns me since i seem to be having a number of issues. My brain MRI shows "scattered areas T2 prolongation in the periventricular and subcortical white matter, a dominant left-sided lesion in left parietal white matter approx. You have brain structures that show up white on MRI in this area. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. 2. Just got my MRI report. T2 (transverse relaxation time) is the time constant which determines the rate at which excited protons reach equilibrium or go out of phase with each other. Gradient Diffusion Spin Echo Sequencethat is both positively T2-weighted and negatively D*-weighted. after an RF excitation pulse, there is relaxation of the spins from the transverse plane toward the main longitudinal magnetic vector (B 0) - this is T1 weighting. The volume and frequency is strongly associated with increasing age. "The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis", "White matter hyperintensities and imaging patterns of brain ageing in the general population", "Meta-analysis, Database, and Meta-regression of 98 Structural Imaging Studies in Bipolar Disorder", "Testing the white matter retrogenesis hypothesis of cognitive aging", "Volume of white matter hyperintensities in healthy adults: contribution of age, vascular risk factors, and inflammation-related genetic variants", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, "Medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter hyperintensities are associated with mild cognitive deficits in non-disabled elderly people: The LADIS study", "Regional white matter hyperintensities: aging, Alzheimer's disease risk, and cognitive function", "A New Visual Rating Scale to Assess Strategic White Matter Hyperintensities Within Cholinergic Pathways in Dementia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperintensity&oldid=1140382689, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 21:27. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. Kinesiology Tape (KT Tape) or Shoulder Sling. A tesla 3 mri w & w/o gad found patchy t2 prolongation in the pons which was more prominent than my 2013 mri. The above discussion presumes we are dealing with a "standard" magnitude-reconstructed spin-echo image. They are all conncected. 2010 Jul-Aug;39(4):160-85. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2009.05.004. Treatments such as Prolozone Therapy can significantly speed up the healing process. Your brain has ventricles which are fluid filled cavities on the inside of you brain. You have 4 two lateral venticles, and two midline. Vasculitis is a consideration. My Dad has metastic NSC Lung cancer. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). Without treatment, supraspinatus tendonitis can take up to 6 months to heal. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? What does it mean when a MRI (brain) says there are ten small t2 hyperintense foci within the periventricular deep white matter. Fortunately, some treatments can prevent up to 90% of these lesions from forming. I recently had an mri to rule out a pseudotumor cerebri. What does it mean if a t2 prolongation on brain mri is getting larger? (1999) ISBN:0815185189. In solutions of macromolecules and tissues the relaxation rate is much faster, i.e., the T2 time is shorter. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. There is mild heterogeneous t2 signal change within the supraspinatus and subscapularis.what does that mean?
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